# sermorelin — References and Citations

> sermorelin research references: all citations from the GHRH(1-29) literature indexed on this site — PubMed, FDA, and journal source links with DOIs and PMIDs.

All citations used across this sermorelin evidence-intelligence dashboard. Each entry includes authors, journal, year, DOI or PMID where available, and a direct URL to the primary source.

## References

[1] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1996;81(3). DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772599. PMID: 8772599. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[2] Prakash A, Goa KL. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999;12(2). DOI: 10.2165/00063030-199912020-00007. PMID: 18031173. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031173/
[3] Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW, Allison A, Ohlander SJ, Herati A, Lindgren MC, Lipshultz LI. Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels. American Journal of Men's Health. 2017. DOI: 10.1177/1557988317718662. PMID: 28830317. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830317/
[4] EMD Serono. Sermorelin Acetate (Geref) Prescribing Information. FDA-approved prescribing information. 2008. https://www.rxlist.com/sermorelin-acetate-drug.htm
[5] Jessup SK, Malow BA, Symons KV, Barkan AL. Blockade of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors dissociates nocturnal growth hormone secretion and slow-wave sleep. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2004;151(5). DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1510561. PMID: 15538933. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15538933/
[6] Van Cauter E, Plat L. Physiology of growth hormone secretion during sleep. Journal of Pediatrics. 1996;128(5 Pt 2). DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70008-2. PMID: 8627466. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8627466/
[7] Schier T, Guldner J, Colla M, Holsboer F, Steiger A. Changes in sleep-endocrine activity after growth hormone-releasing hormone depend on time of administration. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 1997;9(6). DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00565.x. PMID: 9089471. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9089471/
[8] Born J, Muth S, Fehm HL. The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13(3). DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(88)90021-2. PMID: 3406323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3406323/
[9] Goldenberg N, Horowitz JF, Gorgey A, Sakharova A, Barkan AL. Role of pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion in the regulation of lipolysis in fasting humans. Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s40842-022-00137-y. PMID: 35101148. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8805297/
[10] Pontiroli AE, Lanzi R, Monti LD, Sandoli E, Pozza G. Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback on GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Role of free fatty acids and somatostatin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1991;72(2). DOI: 10.1210/jcem-72-2-492. PMID: 1671389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1671389/
[11] Smith RG, Thorner MO. Growth Hormone Secretagogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents to Restore Growth Hormone Secretion in Older Subjects to Those Observed in Young Adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2023. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad022. PMID: 37325967. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10272984/
[12] Fernandez-Garza LE, Guillen-Silva F, Sotelo-Ibarra MA, Dominguez-Mendoza AE, Barrera-Barrera SA, Barrera-Saldana HA. Growth hormone and aging: a clinical review. Frontiers in Aging. 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2025.1549453. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1549453
[13] Multiple authors (meta-analysis). Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Reviews. 2025. DOI: PMID 41545261 PMID: 41545261. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/
[14] Giovannini S, Marzetti E, Borst SE, Leeuwenburgh C. Modulation of GH/IGF-1 axis: Potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.08.001. PMID: 18762207. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5992490/
[15] EMD Serono. Sermorelin Acetate (Geref) Prescribing Information — Clinical Trials Adverse Events. FDA-approved prescribing information. 2008. https://www.rxlist.com/sermorelin-acetate-drug.htm
[16] Smith RG, Thorner MO. Growth Hormone Secretagogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents to Restore Growth Hormone Secretion in Older Subjects to Those Observed in Young Adults (capromorelin multicenter data). Journals of Gerontology Series A. 2023. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad022. PMID: 37325967. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10272984/
[17] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2008;149(9). DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00010. PMID: 18981489. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[18] Sinha DK et al. Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2020. https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/33160/28655
[19] Wikipedia contributors. Sermorelin — structural and pharmacokinetic data. Wikipedia. 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermorelin
[20] FDA / Federal Register. Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness. Federal Register. 2013. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/04/2013-04827/determination-that-geref-sermorelin-acetate-injection-05-milligrams-basevial-and-10-milligrams

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Evidence-intelligence dashboard for the GHRH(1-29) literature — twenty findings indexed, confidence-rated, and not for sale.